H3701. keseph

כֶּ֫סֶף‎₄₀₂ noun masculine^{Genesis 23:9} silver, money (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician, Zinjirli כסף‎; Aramaic כַּסְמָּא‎ ; Palmyrene כספא‎ Vog^{No. 23}; Assyrian kaspu; probably the pale metal Thes and others, compare RS^{JPh xiv,125}) — ׳כ‎ absolute 20:16 +, כָּ֑סֶף‎ Exodus 21:11 +; construct Ex 43:21 +; suffix כַּסְמִּי‎ Genesis 42:28 3t., כַּסְמְּךָ‎ 1 Kings 20:3 2t., כַּסְמֶּ֑ךָ‎ Genesis 17:13; Isaiah 30:22, כַּסְמֵּךְ‎ 1:22, כַּסְמֵּנוּ‎ Genesis 31:15 2t., כַּסְמָּם‎ Hosea 8:4 6t.; plural suffix כַּסְמֵּיהֶם‎ Genesis 42:25, 35; — silver,

1 = silver ore, raw silver (rare and mostly late) Job 28:1, also (in figurative) Ezekiel 22:20, 22; Zechariah 13:9; Proverbs 2:4; 17:3; 27:21; Malachi 3:3 (twice in verse); Psalm 12:7; 66:10; Isaiah 48:10; מִכּ סִיגים ׳הָגוֺ‎ Proverbs 25:4 remove dross from silver, compare ׳כ סִיגִים‎ 26:23 and כ ׳מִגִים‎ Ezekiel 22:18 (ᵑ0‎; ׳כ ׳ס ᵐ5‎; Co strike out in view of 22:20); ׳כ נִמְאָס‎ Jeremiah 6:30 (compare 6:29), לְסִיגִים הָיָה כַּסְמֵּךְ‎ Isaiah 1:22.

2 sliver as bright, shining, figurative of dove's wings בַכֶּ֑סֶף נֶחְמָּה יוֺנָה כַּנְפֵי‎ Psalm 68:14.

3 silver, as wealth, Genesis 13:2 (J) + often (c. 54 t. in all; frequently with gold, etc., see זהב‎); כ ׳בֵיתוֺ וזהב מְלֹא‎ Numbers 22:18; 24:13; figurative of a slave as valuable, הוּא כַּסְמּוֺ‎ Exodus 21:21 (all J E); silver as less valuable than gold 1 Kings 10:21 2 Chronicles 9:20; compare also 1 Kings 10:27 2 Chronicles 1:15; 9:27; ׳כ נִבְחָר‎ choice silver, Proverbs 18:19; 10:20.

4 silver as spoil of war (with זהב‎, q. v.) Judges 5:19; 2 Samuel 8:11 = 1 Chronicles 18:11 11t.

5 sliver as merchandise Ezekiel 27:12; Proverbs 3:14 (׳סְחַרכֿ‎), Zephaniah 1:12; compare also 1 Kings 10:22 2 Chronicles 9:21.

6 silver as costly gift (with זהב‎, q. v.) 1 Kings 15:18-19, 2 Chronicles 16:2-3, 2 Kings 16:8; 18:15; 2 Chronicles 9:14; 17:11; 21:3; Isaiah 60:9; Daniel 11:38 (other instances under 8).

7 silver as material (c. 117 t. in all; often with זהב‎, q. v.), of cup Genesis 44:2 compare 44:8 (J), trumpets Numbers 10:2 (P), ׳כְּלֵיכֿ‎ Genesis 24:53 (J) +; of idols Exodus 20:23; Isaiah 2:20; Deuteronomy 29:16; Ezekiel 16:17; Psalm 115:4; 135:15 4t., compare Deuteronomy 7:25; Jeremiah 10:4; Habakkuk 2:19; especially of fittings of tabernacle Exodus 26.. 27. 36. 38. (19 t.), and those offered by chiefs of people Numbers 7 (28 t.), etc.

8 silver as measure of weight and value (c. 184 t.): —

a. shekels: — ׳כ שְׁקָלִים שְׁלשִׁים‎ Exodus 21:32 (JE), compare 2 Samuel 24:24; Leviticus 5:15; Numbers 18:16 (both P), Nehemiah 5:15; also (different order) כ שׁקלים ׳חֲמִשָּׁה‎ Leviticus 27:6 (twice in verse) (P), compare Joshua 7:21 (JE), 2 Kings 15:20, and י שֶׁקֶל מֵאֹת ׳אַרְבַּע‎ Genesis 23:15-16, compare Leviticus 27:3, 16 (all P), 1 Samuel 9:8; once הַכּ וַעֲשָׂרָה שְׁקָלִים ׳שִׁבְעָה‎ Jeremiah 32:9.

b. more often omitted שׁקל‎ Genesis 20:16; 45:22 (E), 37:28 (J), Hosea 3:2; Song of Solomon 8:11 17t.

c. talents: — (הַ)כּ ׳כִּכַּר‎ Exodus 38:27 (P), compare 1 Kings 20:39; 2 Kings 5:22; 15:19; 18:14; 23:33 2 Chronicles 36:3; 1 Chronicles 19:6; 2 Chronicles 25:6; 27:5; Esther 3:9; כִּכְּרֵיכֿ ׳עֶשֶׂר‎ 2 Kings 5:5; כ ׳כִּכְּרַיִם‎ 1 Kings 16:24; 2 Kings 5:23; ׳כ ככרים אלפים אלף‎ 1 Chronicles 22:14; compare 29:7; Ezra 8:26.

d. minas: — ׳כ אֲלָפִים חֲמֵשֶׁת מָנִים‎ Ezra 2:69 compare Nehemiah 7:70-71,.

e. more often = money, measure of value and exchange (c. 112 t.; not necess. coined) Genesis 31:15; 42:25, 27 (E), 43:12 (twice in verse); 43:15, 18 (J), 23:13; Leviticus 27:18; Numbers 3:48 (P), Judges 16:18; 1 Kings 21:2; 2 Kings 12:5 etc.; so Psalm 68:31 Che, but see De Grill Bae, and Che^{critical note}.; כ ׳מִקְנַת‎ one bought for money Genesis 17:12-13, 23, 27; Exodus 12:44 (all P); ׳כ מִקְנָתוֺ‎ Leviticus 25:51 (H) money for which he was bought; ׳כ מָלֵא‎ full price Genesis 23:9 (P) 1 Chronicles 21:22, 24; בְּמִשְׁקָלוֺ כַּסְמֵּנוּ‎ Genesis 43:21 i.e. our money in full; ׳כ מִמְכָרוֺ‎ Leviticus 25:50 the price of his sale; ׳כ אָשָׁם‎ 2 Kings 12:7 trespass-money, ׳כ חַטָּאוֺת‎ v.12:7 sin-money, ׳כ הַכִּמֻּרִים‎ Exodus 30:16 atonement-money, ׳כ הַמִּדְיוֺן‎ Numbers 3:49 redemption-money (both P); ׳כ עֶרְכְּךָ‎ Leviticus 27:15, 19 i.e. estimated value, etc.

9 among verbs and phrase with ׳כ‎ are: — צרף‎ try, refine, Zechariah 13:9; Isaiah 48:10; Malachi 3:3 a Psalm 12:7; 66:10; זִקַּק‎ Malachi 3:3 b, (compare הִתּוּךְ‎ Ezekiel 22:22, v נתך‎, see 22:20; 22:21); ימּה‎ beautify ׳בכ‎ Jeremiah 10:4; כ ׳תָּפוּשׂ‎ Habakkuk 2:19 encased with gold and silver; אתהַֿכּ ׳שָׁקַל לְ‎ weigh out the silver to or for a person Jeremiah 32:9; Genesis 23:16 (P) Ezra 8:25, without לְ‎ Jeremiah 32:10, compare Exodus 22:16 (E), 1 Kings 20:39; כ ׳שׁקל ׳ב‎ Isaiah 55:2 = spend money for; כ יִשָּׁקֵל ׳לֹא מְחִירָהּ‎ Job 28:15; כ שׁלשׁים אֶתשְֿׂכָרִי ׳וַיִּשְׁקְלוּ‎ Zechariah 11:12; ׳כ ישׁקלו בַּקָּנֶה‎ Isaiah 46:6, of wighing material for idol; בכ ׳מָכַר‎ sell for money Amos 2:6; Genesis 37:28 (J), Deuteronomy 21:14; בכ ׳נָתַן‎ 2:28b 1 Kings 21:6, 15; Genesis 23:9 (P), 1 Chronicles 21:22; also, of food, ב ׳הִשְׁבִּיר‎ Deuteronomy 2:28 a; כ ׳נתן השׂדה‎ Genesis 23:13 (P) pay the price of the field; בְכ ׳קָנָה‎ buy something for money Amos 8:6; Jeremiah 32:25, 44; Isaiah 43:24; 1 Chronicles 21:24, compare כ קִנְיַן נֶפֶשׁ ׳קָנָה‎ Leviticus 22:11 (H); בכ ׳שׁבר‎ Deuteronomy 2:6 a Isaiah 55:1; בכ ׳כרה‎ Deuteronomy 2:6b; peculiar is its use with מָּדָה‎, redeem (q. v.) in Numbers 18:16; כ ׳לקח‎ receive money 2 Kings 5:26; 12:8; 12:9; כ ׳לָוָה‎ Nehemiah 5:4 borrow money; הִלְוָה‎ Exodus 22:24 (JE) lend money to (c. 2 accusative); כ ׳נתן בְּנֶשֶׁךְ‎ give money on usury Leviticus 25:37 (H), Psalm 15:5; compare כ נֶשֶׁךְ ׳לְאָחִיךָ תַשִּׁיךְ לֹא‎ Deuteronomy 23:20.