H7121. qara

I. קָרָא‎₇₂₄ verb call, proclaim, read (Late Hebrew id., read aloud, read; Phoenician קרא‎ call; Arabic read aloud, recite (the '†or°¹n), the †or°a¹n; Aramaic קְלרא‎, call, etc., so Old Aramaic קרא‎, Nabatean id., Palmyrene id., קרה‎); —

Qal₆₅₅ Perfect ׳ק‎ Genesis 11:9 +, 3 feminine singular consecutive וְקָרָזת‎ Isaiah 7:14 (Ges^{§ 74g}); 2 masculine singular קָרָאתָ‎ Judges 12:1 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִקְרָא‎ Genesis 2:19 +; suffix יִקְרְאוֺ‎ Jeremiah 23:6, אֵהוּ‎- Isaiah 41:2; +; 1singular אֶקְרָא‎ Deuteronomy 32:3 +, וָאֶקְרָאֶר‎ 1 Samuel 28:15 (Ges^{§ 48d} Nes^{Marg. 15}); 3 feminine plural וַתִּקְרֶאנָה‎ Ruth 4:17 (twice in verse), וַתִּקְרֶאןָ‎ Numbers 25:2; 2feminine plural תִּקְרֶאנָה‎ Ruth 1:20-21, etc.; Imperative masculine singular קְרָא‎ Judges 7:3 +, suffix קְרָאֵנִי‎ Psalm 50:15, etc.; Infinitive construct קְרָא‎ 1 Samuel 3:6 +, קְראֹות‎ (Baer אֹת‎-) Judges 8:1 (Ges^{§ 74h}); suffix קָרְאִי‎ Psalm 4:2 +, etc.; Participle active קוֺרֵא‎ Amos 5:8 +, קֹרֵא‎ Jeremiah 1:15 +; plural קֹרִאים‎ Psalm 99:6 (Ges^{§§ 74i}; 75oo); passive קָרוּא‎ Esther 5:12; plural קְרוּאִים‎ 1 Samuel 9:22; Ezekiel 23:23, קְרֻאִים‎ 1 Samuel 9:13 +; construct קְרוּאֵי‎ Numbers 1:16 Qr (Kt קריאי‎), 26:9 Kt (Qr קְרִיאֵי‎, see קָרִיא‎); —

1. a. call, cry, utter a loud sound, Judges 9:7; 2 Samuel 18:25 (in 18:28 read וַיִּקְרַב‎ We, confirmed by ᵐ5‎^L so Dr and all recent Comm.), Jeremiah 4:6; Daniel 8:16 (all + אמר‎), 2 Kings 7:11 (on text see Kit Benz), Isaiah 6:4; for help Genesis 39:15, 18 (J); of pleading in court Isaiah 59:4 (ב‎ of manner); explicitly גְּדוֺל בְּקוֺל‎ Genesis 39:14 (J), 1 Kings 18:27-28, 2 Kings 18:28 = Isaiah 36:13 2 Chronicles 32:18, גָּדוֺל קוֺל‎ Ezekiel 9:1 (+ בְּאָצְנֵי‎); with אַחֲרֵי‎ person 1 Samuel 20:37 (+ אָמַר‎), 24:8 (Gi; v.24:9 van d. H. Baer; + לֵאמֹר‎), Jeremiah 12:6.

b. call cry, object in oratio recta [direct speech] Judges 7:20; 1 Samuel 3:4 (read שְׁמוּאֵל שְׁמוּאֵל‎; ᵐ5‎ Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS), 3:6 (compare ᵐ5‎), 3:8 (against accents), 3:10 (see שְׁמוּאֵל‎), 20:38; 2 Samuel 20:16; 2 Kings 11:14; Jeremiah 20:8; Leviticus 13:45; = utter, speak Jeremiah 36:18; of command Genesis 45:1 (E).

2. a. call unto some one: אֶל‎ person (often + אָמַר‎; sometimes with מִן‎ local), Genesis 3:9; 19:5; Exodus 3:4; Isaiah 6:3 + often; with עַל‎ (for אֶל‎) of satyrs 34:14 (so Vrss Ges Che^Comm. and others > recent Comm. from II. קָרָא‎ or קָרָה‎ which (in Qal) always take accusative); unto ׳י (אֶלׅ‎ (God), in praise Psalm 66:17; 1 Chronicles 4:10, usually for help, Judges 15:18; 1 Samuel 12:17-18, Hosea 7:7 + 3:5; 4:4 +, + עַל‎ person against Deuteronomy 15:9; 24:15; to ׳י (לׅ‎ (God) Job 14:14; Psalm 57:3; 141:1; to (ל‎) a servant (for service) 2 Kings 4:36; Job 19:16, so (אֶל‎) 2 Samuel 1:15; call to (ל‎) one Jeremiah 3:4 (+ oratio recta [direct speech]), Lamentations 4:15 (id.), Proverbs 2:3 (לְבִינָה‎); subject ׳י‎ Micah 6:9; Jeremiah 35:17.

b. cry for help, absolute, (in poetry and late) Zechariah 7:13; Isaiah 58:9; 65:24; Job 5:1; 9:16; Proverbs 21:13; Psalm 4:2; Psalm 20:10 10t. Psalms (147:9 of young ravens); בֵּאָזְנֵי‎ Ezekiel 8:18.

c. ׳ק י ׳בְּשֵׁם‎ call with name of ׳י‎ (i.e. use it in invocation): Genesis 4:26; 12:8; 2 Kings 5:11; Jeremiah 10:25 = Psalm 79:6 16t. (1 Kings 18:24 of specific appeal to ׳י‎ to display his power), + Isaiah 65:1 (see

Pu`al); with name of Baal 1 Kings 18:24-25, 26.

d. late, with accusative dei Isaiah 43:22; Psalm 14:4 4t. Psalms; absolute 116:2.

3 proclaim:

a. with accusative of thing procl. Amos 4:5; Genesis 41:43; Deuteronomy 15:2; Jeremiah 31:6; Leviticus 25:10 +; ׳ק צוֺם‎ proclaim a fast 1 Kings 21:9, 12; Jeremiah 36:9 +, ׳ק י ׳מוֺעֲדֵי‎ Leviticus 23:2, 4; ׳ק‎ followed by oratio recta [direct speech] Exodus 34:6, etc.; followed by ל‎ person Jeremiah 34:8, 15, 17 (twice in verse); Isaiah 61:1, עַל‎ person (against, concerning) 1 Kings 13:4, 32; Jeremiah 49:29; Lamentations 1:15; proclaim peace to (ל‎ person) Judges 21:13; compare ׳ק לְשָׁלוֺם אֵלֶיהָ‎ Deuteronomy 20:10; ׳ק‎ with accusative of congnate meaning with verb מִקְרָא‎ Isaiah 1:13, הַקְּרִיאָה‎ Jonah 3:2 (+ אֶל‎).

b. ׳ק י ׳שֵׁם‎ Deuteronomy 32:3; Psalm 99:6; so (earlier) ׳ק י ׳בְשֵׁם‎ Exodus 33:19; 34:5 (JE); compare ׳ק יַעֲקֹב בְּשֵׁם‎ Isaiah 44:5 (but read יִקָּרֵא‎, Lo Che and most).

c. ׳ק עֲלֵי׳בֵּשׁ‎ Psalm 49:12 proclaim (with) name over landed estates, claim possession (Hup Bae); proclaim one's own name Ruth 4:11 = become famous; passive participle proclaimed, i.e. renowned Ezekiel 23:23.

d. absolute make proclamation (sometimes + לֵאמֹר אָמַר,‎) Judges 7:3; Jeremiah 2:2 (בְּאָוְנֵי‎) Zechariah 1:14, 17; Jonah 3:4; Isaiah 40:3, 6 +, with עַל‎ concerning Nehemiah 6:7, against 1 Kings 13:2; Jonah 1:3.

4. a. read aloud, often בְּאָוְבֵי‎, less often לפְנֵי‎, with ב‎ of roll, book Jeremiah 36:6, 8, 14; Nehemiah 8:3, 8; 9:3; 2 Chronicles 34:18, + accusative of words Jeremiah 36:8, 10; object omitted Exodus 24:7 (E) Jeremiah 36:15; with acc of roll, book 36:15; 36:21; 51:63; 2 Kings 22:10; 2 Chronicles 34:24, of letter (סֵפֶר‎), writing 2 Kings 5:7; Isaiah 29:11-12, Jeremiah 29:29, columns of manuscript 36:23; with accusative of words Joshua 8:34-35, Jeremiah 36:6; 51:61; 2 Kings 23:2 2 Chronicles 34:30, compare Deuteronomy 31:11.

b. read, to oneself, in (ב‎) a roll, book, Deuteronomy 17:19; Nehemiah 8:18, so of vision written on tablets Habakkuk 2:2; with accusative of letter (סֵפֶר‎) 2 Kings 19:14 = Isaiah 37:14, book 2 Kings 22:8; absolute Isaiah 34:16.

c. read, for hear read, 2 Kings 22:16.

5 summon: usually

a. with ל‎ person: Genesis 12:18; 20:8-9, Numbers 22:5, 20, 37; Judges 8:1; 1 Samuel 3:5-6, 8 (twice in verse) + often (c. 100 t.), + ל‎ reflexive 1 Kings 1:28, 32, + אֶל‎ location Exodus 19:20, + אֶל‎ person 2 Samuel 9:2, + infinitive purpose Joshua 24:9; Judges 12:1; 14:16; 1 Samuel 28:15, + מִן‎ local Hosea 11:1; Judges 4:6; + בִּשְׁמֶ֑ךָ‎ Isaiah 45:4 summon by thy name; specifically summon = invite (especially to feast) Exodus 34:15; Judges 14:15 ( + infinitive purpose) 1 Samuel 16:3 ( + בַּזָּבַ֑ח‎, read probably ׳לַזּ‎ see HPS), 16:5 ( + ׳לַזּ‎), 1 Kings 19:26 + (c. 17 t.).

b. with אֶל‎ person Exodus 10:24; Joshua 4:4; 10:24; 1 Kings 13:21 + (c. 20 t.); אֶל‎ person + ל‎ person (different persons in same relation) Exodus 8:21; Jeremiah 42:8; = call for (demand to see), with אֶל‎ person 2 Kings 18:18; with ל‎ of thing = demand, require Proverbs 18:6; compare 27:16 (probably corrupt, see Toy).

c. with accusative of person Genesis 41:8, 14; Exodus 2:7 ( + ל‎ person), 2:7; Amos 5:16 ( + אֶל‎ of thing), Isaiah 13:3 (ל‎ of thing), 1 Samuel 3:16; 22:11 + (c. 33 t.), insert וַיַקְרָא‎ in this sense also 2 Samuel 15:12 ᵐ5‎^L We Dr and most; + infinitive purpose Numbers 24:10, ׳ק עַיִט מִמִּוְרָח‎ Isaiah 46:11; in weakened sense (to bring response, or bring person near) Song of Solomon 5:6; specifically invite, 1 Samuel 9:24 (but corrupt, see especially HPS), 1 Kings 1:9 (also + ל‎, MT), 1:10; 12:20 (+ אֶל‎ location), Deuteronomy 33:19 (accusative of location); לָהּ קָרוּא אֲנִי‎ Esther 5:12, passive participle elsewhere plural, invited ones, guests 1 Samuel 9:13, 22; 2 Samuel 15:11; 1 Kings 1:41, 49; Zephaniah 1:7; Proverbs 9:18; invite or summon (accusative of person) for help, succour, Hosea 7:11; usually object ׳י‎ (in poetry and late) Jeremiah 29:12; 2 Samuel 22:4, 7 = Psalm 18:4; 18:7; Isaiah 55:6; Lamentations 3:57; Job 27:10; Psalm 50:15; 86:5 8t. Psalms, accusative י ׳שֵׁם‎ Lamentations 3:55; accusative חכמה‎ Proverbs 1:28.

d. absolute call, summon Amos 7:4 (+ ל‎ of thing), Isaiah 22:12 (id.), 1 Samuel 3:5-6, Zechariah 7:13; ׳י‎ (God) Isaiah 52:2; 65:12; 66:4; Job 13:22; 14:15, הָעֵדָה קְרוּאֵי‎ Numbers 1:17 Qr (Kt קְרִיאֵי‎), 26:9 Kt (Qr קְרִיאֵי‎!)

e. call and commission, appoint, accusative of person, Isaiah 48:15; 49:1, + בְּשֵׁם‎ by name, specifically, Exodus 31:2; 35:30; Isaiah 43:1; 45:3.

f. call and endow (with privilege) Isaiah 51:2; 54:5; 55:5.

6 call=name:

a. (early and most common usage), call one's name (שֵׁם‎) so and so, 2 accusative: of person Genesis 3:20; 4:25-26, 5:2-3, 29; 34t. Genesis; Exodus 2:10, 22; Hosea 1:4, 6, 9; Isaiah 7:14; 8:3; 9:5 10t. (Jeremiah 46:17 read ᵐ5 שֵׁם קִרְאוּ‎ Gie and others); of places, etc., Genesis 4:17; 11:9 17t. Genesis; Judges 1:17, 26; 2:5; 15:19; 18:29 21t.

b. with accusative of appellation ony, Ezekiel 39:11.

c. accusative of person or location + accusative appellative Hosea 2:18; Deuteronomy 3:14; Jeremiah 23:6; Isaiah 58:5; Numbers 32:41.

d. accusative of person + clause Psalm 89:27.

e. = give name to, accusative appellation + ל‎ person (location, or thing): (1) person Hosea 2:18; Genesis 35:18; 1 Samuel 4:21; Jeremiah 3:19; 30:17; 33:16 9t.; (2) location, or thing, Judges 18:12; 2 Samuel 2:16; 5:9; 6:8; Joshua 22:34 (name lost, ᵑ6‎ Hebrew Manuscripts Ins. עֵד‎; compare Di Steuern), Genesis 1:5 (twice in verse); 1:8; 2:19 (twice in verse); Exodus 33:7 30t. + Job 17:14 (ל‎ + sentence including name).

f. with בְּשֵׁם‎ + ל‎ Isaiah 40:26, compare 65:11 (אַחֵר שֵׁם‎), Psalm 147:4 (שֵׁמוֺת‎), Ruth 4:17 (שֵׁם‎ + לֵאמֹר‎), Genesis 2:20; 26:18 (twice in verse) (all with שֵׁם‎).

g. with ל‎ of thing + עַלאשֵׁם‎ 2 Samuel 18:16.

h. call by ב‎ names the names (accusative) of cities Numbers 32:38; call to (ב‎) city, + appelll., + בִּשְׁמוֺ‎ v 42.

i. call cities (accusative) בְּשֵׁם‎, i.e, specify them, Joshua 21:9; 1 Chronicles 6:50 (בְּשֵׁמוֺת‎).

Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נִקְרָא‎ Jeremiah 4:20 +, 1 singular נִקְרֵאתִי‎ Esther 4:11, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִקָּרֵא‎ Genesis 2:23 +, וַיִּקָּרֵא‎ Ezekiel 20:29 +, etc.; Participle נִקְרָא‎ Isaiah 43:7; Jeremiah 44:26; plural נִקְרָאִים‎ Isaiah 48:1; Esther 6:1; —

1 reflexive, נִק הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳מֵעִיר‎ Isaiah 48:2 from the holy city they call themselves.

2 passive be called:

a. be proclaimed (compare Qal 3), of י ׳שֵׁם‎ Jeremiah 44:26 (בְּפֶה‎ instrumental); of man's name = be famous Ruth 4:14; = be announced Jeremiah 4:20.

b. be read aloud compare Qal 4): impersonal with ב‎ of book, + בְּאָוְנֵי‎ Nehemiah 13:1; subject records Esther 6:1 (לפְנֵי‎).

c. be summoned (compare Qal 5: Isaiah 31:4 (עַל‎ against); Esther 3:12; 4:11 (twice in verse); verse); 8: 9; + בְּשֵׁם‎, i.e. specifically, 2:14,

d. be named (compare Qal 6.): (I) appell. subject + ל‎ person Genesis 2:23 to her shall be called 'woman', 1 Samuel 9:9; Isaiah 32:5; 62:4, 12; Proverbs 16:21; + ל‎ location 2 Samuel 18:18; Isaiah 1:26; 35:8; Jeremiah 19:6. (2) ונו שְׁמוֺ ׳וְנִקְרָא‎ Deuteronomy 25:10, so Genesis 35:10; Daniel 10:1; Ezekiel 20:29 (of place); אֶתשִֿׁמְךָ‎ 20:29. (3) יְרוּשׁ ׳וְנִקְרְאָה ׳וגו‎ Zechariah 8:3, so land Deuteronomy 3:18, temple Isaiah 56:7. (4) especially י שֵׁם ׳נִקְרָא עַל‎, denoting ownership, of person Jeremiah 15:16, people Deuteronomy 28:10; Jeremiah 14:9; Amos 9:12; Isaiah 63:19; 2 Chronicles 7:14, ark 2 Samuel 6:2 (strike out 2nd ᵐ5 שֵׁם‎ We Dr and others), = 1 Chronicles 13:6 (adding עָלָיו‎ Oettli Kau; > Kit^Hpt שָׁם שְׁמוֺ‎), temple 1 Kings 8:43 2 Chronicles 6:33; Jeremiah 7:10-11, 14, 30; 32:34; 34:15, city 25:29; Daniel 9:18, city + people 9:19; so name of man 2 Samuel 12:28, as given to his wife Isaiah 4:1 (5) be called שֵׁם עַל‎, i.e. reckoned to, Genesis 48:6; Isaiah 54:5; 61:6; עַלאשֵׁבֶט‎ 1 Chronicles 23:14, compare Ezra 2:61 = Nehemiah 7:63. (6) be called בְּשֵׁם‎ Isaiah 43:7; 48:1. (7) יִקּ ׳בְּיִצְתָק זָ֑רַע ךְָָ‎ Genesis 21:12, i.e. in (through) ׳יִצ‎ shall seed be reckoned to three; שְׁמִי בָהֶם וְיִקָּרֵא‎ 48:16 through them shall my name be called, i.e. perpetuated. (8) be named = menationed, of person Isaiah 14:20 (9) subject שֵׁם‎ Ecclesiastes 6:10, i.e. thing is known.

Pu`al (Ezekiel and Isa²) Perfect3masculine singular קֹרָא‎ be called, subject appell. + ל‎ person or of thing = be named, Isaiah 48:8; Ezekiel 10:13 (׳קוֺ‎); וְקֹרָא‎ consecutive Isaiah 58:12; 61:3; 62:2 (חָדָשׁ שֵׁם‎); בִּשְׁמִי קֹרָא לאֹ גּוֺי‎ 65:1; (< קָרָא‎ or קֹרֵא‎ [Qal 2 c], Vrss Lo Ew Che Di and others); be called and privileged (compare Qal 5 f); Participle ׳יִש מְקרָאִי‎ 48:12.